2025 年不再是周期性的一年——比特币正在读着完全不同的东西
比特币 2025 年的发展势头有多少是由基本面驱动的,又有多少是由不再提供可靠方向的宏观系统驱动的?
目录政策紧缩导致增长脆弱Political pressure meets market stressCrypto moves up the macro ladderStructural rotation is underway
Fragile growth amid policy tightropes
The global economy in 2025 is walking a tightrope. The deliberate reengineering of trade rules by the U.S. has created a new layer of uncertainty, making global markets more volatile and less predictable.
在特朗普总统的领导下,华盛顿大规模提高关税实际上改写了后全球化时代的剧本。这些变化重新引发了人们对潜在经济衰退的担忧,迫使各国央行、企业和政策制定者不断重新调整策略。
高盛预计,仅今年一年,美国实际关税税率就将上涨约16个百分点。这听起来像是技术上的调整,但其实际后果已然显现。
高盛目前预计美国 GDP 增长将大幅放缓,并将其对 2025 年的预测下调至 0.5%。未来 12 个月出现经济衰退的可能性已飙升至 45%。
与此同时,失业率预计将攀升至4.7%,核心PCE通胀率可能升至3.5%。经济增长放缓加上持续的通胀,使得政策制定几乎没有犯错的余地。
为了缓解影响,美联储预计将进行三次降息,分析师称之为“预防性降息”。然而,美联储必须在不重新引发通胀的情况下缓解劳动力市场压力,在全球经济环境如此脆弱的情况下,这项任务变得更加艰巨。
Japan is already feeling the spillover. As an export-heavy economy, it is particularly exposed to disruptions in global trade. Slower external demand and increasingly cautious corporate investment have dragged down Japanâs growth prospects.Â
Forecasts now put its GDP expansion at just 1.0% in 2025 and 0.7% in 2026. The Bank of Japan, which had been preparing to raise interest rates, may be forced to delay those plans if a U.S.-led recession begins to unfold.Â
欧洲也处于类似的重新调整状态。高盛已将欧元区经济增长预期下调至 0.7%,同时还降低了通胀预期和欧洲央行终端利率预期。
受全球需求疲软和持续的金融紧缩影响,英国的经济前景也不容乐观。
在新兴市场,类似的说法在各个地区都有所体现。中国2025年的增长预期已下调至4.0%。更令人震惊的是,通胀可能转为负值。虽然预计会进一步降息,但这可能无法抵消关税和大宗商品价格下跌带来的更广泛拖累。
其他发展中经济体,尤其是拉丁美洲、中欧和亚洲部分地区,也在下调预期。对其中许多国家而言,金融环境收紧和全球需求萎缩已成为决定性障碍。
正如诺贝尔奖得主保罗·克鲁格曼所言,“导致经济衰退的并非政策转变的规模,而是政策转变所带来的不确定性。而目前,政策逆转实际上可能会使情况恶化,因为它们会加剧不确定性。”
那么,这一切对于2025年的资本市场、投资策略以及加密货币行业意味着什么呢?让我们来探讨一下。
政治压力遇上市场压力
股票市场开始出现明显的紧张迹象,这不仅是因为关税本身,还因为经济政策的混乱感日益增强。
4月21日,标准普尔500指数下跌2.4%,纳斯达克指数下跌2.6%,道琼斯指数暴跌近1000点,抹去了前一周的所有涨幅。此次回调并非由任何单一事件引发,而是多重风险以令人不安的方式交织在一起的结果。
The first pressure point is the Trump administrationâs tariff decisions. A 145% import tax on Chinese goods has reignited tensions with Beijing, prompting global investors to reevaluate supply chain exposure, manufacturing costs, and long-term earnings assumptions.Â
In turn, China has issued strong warnings, threatening retaliation against any country that aligns with U.S. trade terms it deems harmful. This tit-for-tat tone has reintroduced an element of strategic risk that goes beyond pure economics.
Further compounding the situation is the widening rift between the White House and the Fed. Chair Jerome Powell recently acknowledged that the latest wave of tariffs could push inflation higher while slowing growth, a difficult combination that limits the Fedâs policy flexibility.Â
但特朗普总统的回应方式却进一步加剧了动荡。
近日,特朗普公开称鲍威尔为“大输家”,并重申应立即降息的观点。他甚至表示,鲍威尔的“下台还不够快”。
据报道,白宫正在幕后积极探索通过法律途径,在鲍威尔任期结束前将其免职。这引发了人们对美联储长期以来的独立性可能面临风险的担忧。
其影响已波及股市之外。截至本文撰写时,追踪美元兑一篮子主要货币汇率的美元指数已从上周的 99.38 跌至 98.52,创三年来的最低水平。
虽然美元走弱通常会支撑出口和企业盈利,但这种下降似乎反映出人们对美国宏观政策的一致性和可信度的更深层次的担忧。
Bond markets, too, are reacting. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note has climbed to 4.38% from 4.33%, continuing an upward trend this month.Â
This suggests that investors are selling off long-dated government bonds, either in anticipation of rising inflation or as a defensive move against the risk that the Fed could be pushed into premature rate cuts under political pressure.
与此同时,金价悄然飙升至历史新高。金价一度突破每盎司 3,500 美元,截至 4 月 22 日稳定在 3,451 美元左右。在这样的环境下,传统风险资产和加密货币等另类资产的定位都可能发生变化。
加密货币在宏观层面上不断攀升
在全球股市开始出现裂痕之际,加密货币市场却悄然走上了一条不同的道路。截至4月22日,加密货币总市值已攀升至2.77万亿美元,高于4月9日贸易紧张局势首次升级时的2.40万亿美元,增幅约为15%。
推动此次复苏的一个主要因素是机构投资者对比特币(BTC)的兴趣重燃。根据SoSoValue的数据,4月21日,现货比特币ETF净流入3.814亿美元,较前一天增长逾250%,创下自1月30日以来的最大单日流入量。
然而,这种信心并未延伸至以太坊(ETH)。与比特币的上涨势头形成鲜明对比的是,以太币现货ETF当天录得2542万美元的净流出,这是连续第八周出现净流出,自这一趋势开始以来,总流出金额已接近9.1亿美元。
Bitcoinâs growing dominance is also reflected in its price action. Despite turbulence in equities, Bitcoin has continued to build on its gains, crossing the $90,000 threshold as of this writing and trading at $90,600 levels. Meanwhile, BTCâs market cap has returned to levels above $1.80 trillion, a milestone not seen since late March.Â
BTC price chart | Source: crypto.news
Ethereumâs path, meanwhile, is moving in the opposite direction. The ETH/BTC ratio has now dropped to 0.01787, a level not seen since Jan. 2020.Â
仅在过去24小时内,该比率就下跌了近5%,过去一个月更是下跌了24%。同比来看,跌幅更为显著,以太坊兑比特币的价值下跌了67%。截至本文撰写时,ETH的交易价格为1700美元。
本质上,尽管整体金融体系仍在与不确定性和政策风险作斗争,但比特币不仅在短期内成功与股市脱钩,还保持了上涨势头。更广泛的加密货币市场正在慢慢迎头赶上。
结构性轮动正在进行
比特币的短期前景似乎正在从被动交易转向更具结构性的市场。目前形成的信号表明,2025 年的走势可能不再由日常风险情绪所决定,而是由流动性流动、政策应对以及投资者在日益不稳定的环境中如何定义对冲资产的更深层次的重构所决定。
宏观投资者 Raoul Pal 提出了尖锐的观点,美元需要贬值。不是通过突然贬值,而是通过渐进的、可控的贬值,以减轻持有大量美元债务的国家的还款压力。
Everyone needs and wants a weaker dollar to service their dollar debts. No one wants it to move too fast ( it blows up VAR) but they need it lower over next 12 months. This is the purest form of global liquidity and is the largest driver of global M2 currently. The US knows thisâ¦â Raoul Pal (@RaoulGMI) April 22, 2025
他表示,美元走软,尤其是受到广泛流动性扩张影响的美元走软,可能成为 2025 年资产重新定价的最强大催化剂。比特币将从中直接受益。
与此同时,债券市场也在施加自身的压力。正如宏观分析师托马斯指出的那样,10年期美国国债收益率近期升至4.5%,这已经重塑了政策预期。
两周前,美国国债市场迫使特朗普突然大幅调整关税。“特朗普看跌期权”似乎将达到美国 10 年期国债收益率约 4.5% 的水平。但尽管股市遭遇抛售,收益率现在又开始上升。I previously said that if 10-year⦠pic.twitter.com/1GmnO8jjrbâ Tomas (@TomasOnMarkets) April 21, 2025
The Trump administration has reportedly softened its tariff tone in response, recognizing that persistent yield spikes could tighten financial conditions too sharply. If yields continue to climb, the need for either diplomatic trade progress or liquidity injections becomes more urgent.
That liquidity could arrive in several forms. The Fed remains the obvious actor, but the U.S. Treasury is also in play. Its recent consideration of bond buybacks, aimed at improving liquidity in older securities, hints at a broader toolkit being quietly assembled.Â
Each of these levers increases the flow of capital, which could indirectly lift Bitcoin by boosting available liquidity across risk markets.
Still, the economic undercurrent is weakening. Growth projections are being revised downward across the board. High-frequency indicators like the Citi Economic Surprise Index and real-time GDP trackers are rolling over.Â
更广泛的宏观形势并非强劲,而是动能减弱,这为降息打开了大门,或者至少是降息预期日益增强。
这种预期已不再与政治无关。特朗普已公开敦促美联储降息,此举或许不会决定最终结果,但无疑会影响投资者的预期。政治噪音正在成为宏观经济方程式的一部分,市场也做出了相应的反应。
与此同时,投资者行为也开始反映这种转变。正如 Axel Adler Jr 所指出的,钱包活动在过去十天里激增,预示着新一轮的增持。
新投资者已开始入市。过去10天的指标显示买入信号。在2021年中国矿场禁令后的市场调整以及之前6.5万美元水平的市场调整中,也观察到了类似的新投资者行为模式。反对… pic.twitter.com/TyUZRVOOIRBâ Axel ðð Adler Jr (@AxelAdlerJr) April 22, 2025
He compares the current trend with early 2021, when similar inflows followed structural shocks like Chinaâs mining ban and major price resets. This return of strategic buyers is happening just as the traditional macro playbook starts to break down.
If the prevailing forces, slower growth, political pressure on monetary policy, soft liquidity maneuvers, and a weaker dollar persist through the second half of 2025, Bitcoin could see growing institutional alignment.Â
For now, the signals are subtle but telling. Capital is beginning to rotate, quietly and purposefully, and Bitcoin is once again part of the core conversation.
Disclosure: This article does not represent investment advice. The content and materials featured on this page are for educational purposes only.
2025-04-23 00:47:25
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